JY 153-1982 脊椎动物骨骼标本通用技术条件(试行)
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基本信息
| 标准名称： | 脊椎动物骨骼标本通用技术条件(试行) |
| 中标分类： | 轻工、文化与生活用品 >> 文教、体育、娱乐用品 >> 教学专用仪器 |
| 替代情况： | 被JY 0153-1999代替 |
| 发布日期： | |
| 实施日期： | 1994-06-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 2页 |
适用范围
没有内容
前言
没有内容
目录
没有内容
引用标准
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所属分类： 轻工 文化与生活用品 文教 体育 娱乐用品 教学专用仪器
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforRepresentativeSamplingforManagementofWasteandContaminatedMedia
【原文标准名称】:废物和污染媒介管理用代表性取样的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6044-1996(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bias;contaminatedmedia;precision;representative;sample;waste;wastemanagement;Compositesampling;Environmentalsampling/testing;Representativesampling;Samplingwastematerials/applications
【摘要】:Representativesamplesaredefinedinthecontextofthestudyobjectives.Thisguidedefinesthemeaningofarepresentativesample,aswellastheattributesthesample(s)needstohaveinordertoprovideavalidinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Thisguidealsoprovidesaprocesstoidentifythesourcesoferror(bothsystematicandrandom)sothataneffortcanbemadetocontrolorminimizetheseerrors.Thesesourcesincludesamplingerror,measurementerror,andstatisticalbias.Whentheobjectiveislimitedtothetakingofarepresentative(physical)sampleorarepresentativesetof(physical)samples,onlypotentialsamplingerrorsneedtobeconsidered.Whentheobjectiveistomakeaninferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation,additionalmeasurementerrorandstatisticalbiasneedtobeconsidered.Thisguidedoesnotapplytothecaseswherethetakingofanonrepresentativesample(s)isprescribedbythestudyobjective.Inthatcase,samplingapproachessuchasjudgmentsamplingorbiasedsamplingcanbetaken.Theseapproachesarenotwithinthescopeofthisguide.Followingthisguidedoesnotguaranteethatrepresentativesampleswillbeobtained.Butfailuretofollowthisguidewilllikelyresultinobtainingsampledatathatareeitherbiasedorimprecise,orboth.Followingthisguideshouldincreasethelevelofconfidenceinmakingtheinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.ThisguidecanbeusedinconjunctionwiththeDQOprocess(seePracticeD5792).Thisguideisintendedforthosewhomanage,design,andimplementsamplingandanalyticalplansforwastemanagementandcontaminatedmedia.1.1Thisguidecoversthedefinitionofrepresentativenessinenvironmentalsampling,identifiessourcesthatcanaffectrepresentativeness(especiallybias),anddescribestheattributesthatarepresentativesampleorarepresentativesetofsamplesshouldpossess.Forconvenience,thetermx201C;representativesamplex201D;isusedinthisguidetodenotebotharepresentativesampleandarepresentativesetofsamples,unlessotherwisequalifiedinthetext.1.2Thisguideoutlinesaprocessbywhicharepresentativesamplemaybeobtainedfromapopulation.Thepurposeoftherepresentativesampleistoprovideinformationaboutastatisticalparameter(s)(suchasmean)ofthepopulationregardingsomecharacteristic(s)(suchasconcentration)ofitsconstituent(s)(suchaslead).Thisprocessincludesthefollowingstages:(1)minimizationofsamplingbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhiletakingthephysicalsamples,(2)minimizationofmeasurementbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhenanalyzingthephysicalsamplestoobtaindata,and(3)minimizationofstatisticalbiaswhenmakinginferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Whilebothbiasandprecisionarecoveredinthisguide,majoremphasisisgiventobiasreduction.1.3Thisguidedescribestheattributesofarepresentativesampleandpresentsageneralmethodologyforobtainingrepresentativesamples.Itdoesnot,however,providespecificorcomprehensivesamplingprocedures.Itistheuser''sresponsibilitytoensurethatproperandadequateproceduresareused.1.4Theassessmentoftherepresentativenessofasampleisnotcoveredinthisguidesinceitisnotpossibletoeverknowthetruevalueofthepopulation.1.5Sincethepurposeofeachsamplingeventisunique,thisguidedoesnotattempttogiveastepbystepaccountofhowtodevelopasamplingdesignthatresultsinthecollectionofrepresentativesamples.
【原文标准名称】:废物和污染媒介管理用代表性取样的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTMD6044-1996(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D34.01.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bias;contaminatedmedia;precision;representative;sample;waste;wastemanagement;Compositesampling;Environmentalsampling/testing;Representativesampling;Samplingwastematerials/applications
【摘要】:Representativesamplesaredefinedinthecontextofthestudyobjectives.Thisguidedefinesthemeaningofarepresentativesample,aswellastheattributesthesample(s)needstohaveinordertoprovideavalidinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Thisguidealsoprovidesaprocesstoidentifythesourcesoferror(bothsystematicandrandom)sothataneffortcanbemadetocontrolorminimizetheseerrors.Thesesourcesincludesamplingerror,measurementerror,andstatisticalbias.Whentheobjectiveislimitedtothetakingofarepresentative(physical)sampleorarepresentativesetof(physical)samples,onlypotentialsamplingerrorsneedtobeconsidered.Whentheobjectiveistomakeaninferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation,additionalmeasurementerrorandstatisticalbiasneedtobeconsidered.Thisguidedoesnotapplytothecaseswherethetakingofanonrepresentativesample(s)isprescribedbythestudyobjective.Inthatcase,samplingapproachessuchasjudgmentsamplingorbiasedsamplingcanbetaken.Theseapproachesarenotwithinthescopeofthisguide.Followingthisguidedoesnotguaranteethatrepresentativesampleswillbeobtained.Butfailuretofollowthisguidewilllikelyresultinobtainingsampledatathatareeitherbiasedorimprecise,orboth.Followingthisguideshouldincreasethelevelofconfidenceinmakingtheinferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.ThisguidecanbeusedinconjunctionwiththeDQOprocess(seePracticeD5792).Thisguideisintendedforthosewhomanage,design,andimplementsamplingandanalyticalplansforwastemanagementandcontaminatedmedia.1.1Thisguidecoversthedefinitionofrepresentativenessinenvironmentalsampling,identifiessourcesthatcanaffectrepresentativeness(especiallybias),anddescribestheattributesthatarepresentativesampleorarepresentativesetofsamplesshouldpossess.Forconvenience,thetermx201C;representativesamplex201D;isusedinthisguidetodenotebotharepresentativesampleandarepresentativesetofsamples,unlessotherwisequalifiedinthetext.1.2Thisguideoutlinesaprocessbywhicharepresentativesamplemaybeobtainedfromapopulation.Thepurposeoftherepresentativesampleistoprovideinformationaboutastatisticalparameter(s)(suchasmean)ofthepopulationregardingsomecharacteristic(s)(suchasconcentration)ofitsconstituent(s)(suchaslead).Thisprocessincludesthefollowingstages:(1)minimizationofsamplingbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhiletakingthephysicalsamples,(2)minimizationofmeasurementbiasandoptimizationofprecisionwhenanalyzingthephysicalsamplestoobtaindata,and(3)minimizationofstatisticalbiaswhenmakinginferencefromthesampledatatothepopulation.Whilebothbiasandprecisionarecoveredinthisguide,majoremphasisisgiventobiasreduction.1.3Thisguidedescribestheattributesofarepresentativesampleandpresentsageneralmethodologyforobtainingrepresentativesamples.Itdoesnot,however,providespecificorcomprehensivesamplingprocedures.Itistheuser''sresponsibilitytoensurethatproperandadequateproceduresareused.1.4Theassessmentoftherepresentativenessofasampleisnotcoveredinthisguidesinceitisnotpossibletoeverknowthetruevalueofthepopulation.1.5Sincethepurposeofeachsamplingeventisunique,thisguidedoesnotattempttogiveastepbystepaccountofhowtodevelopasamplingdesignthatresultsinthecollectionofrepresentativesamples.
基本信息
| 标准名称： | 振动给料机安全规范 |
| 英文名称： | Safety code for vibration feeder |
| 中标分类： | 机械 >> 通用机械与设备 >> 输送机械 |
| ICS分类： | 材料储运设备 >> 连续搬运设备 |
| 发布部门： | 国家技术监督局 |
| 发布日期： | 1996-08-13 |
| 实施日期： | 1996-01-02 |
| 首发日期： | 1996-08-13 |
| 作废日期： | 2005-10-14 |
| 主管部门： | 中国机械工业联合会 |
| 归口单位： | 中国机械工业联合会 |
| 起草单位： | 北京起重运输机械研究所 |
| 出版日期： | 1900-01-01 |
| 页数： | 平装16开， 页数：4， 字数：4千字 |
适用范围
本标准规定了振动给料机的设计、制造、安装、使用维护方面最基本的安全要求。本标准适用于电磁振动给料机、惯性振动给料机以及其他形式的振动给料机设备本身，不包括连接这类设备的构件。
前言
没有内容
目录
没有内容
引用标准
没有内容
所属分类： 机械 通用机械与设备 输送机械 材料储运设备 连续搬运设备
